The human brain utilizes 20–25% of the energy budget, compared with primates (8–10%), and other mammals (3–5% Leonard et al., 2007 Squire, 2012). To effectively study and examine brain temperature and its regulation, we must first understand relevant anatomical and physiological properties of thermoregulation in the head-neck regions.īrain temperature, traditionally viewed simply as an order parameter that passively reflects a collective state of brain activity, may also act as a control parameter, a dynamic fluctuating variable capable of modulating brain activity and function ( Wang et al., 2014).
To optimize the development and maintenance of the brain in health and to accelerate its healing and restoration in illness, focused, and committed efforts are much needed to advance the fundamental understanding of brain temperature. Despite the recognition that a more evolved and complicated brain with all of its temperature-dependent cerebral circuitry and neuronal processes would require more sophisticated thermal control mechanisms, the current understanding of brain temperature regulation remains limited. The evolution of the brain and its supporting structures in mammals and birds coincided with this development of endothermy.
Humans, like all mammals and birds, maintain a near constant core body temperature of 36–37.5☌ over a broad range of environmental conditions and are thus referred to as endotherms. 8Department of Neurology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.7NeuroTech Group, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.6Department of Child Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.5Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.4Neuroscience Program and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.3University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.2Thermal Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.1Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
Huan Wang 1,2,3 *, Miri Kim 3,4, Kieran P.
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